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      <title>Music of Bangladesh</title>
      <!--*if($body){<body>&lt;p&gt;Bangladesh is traditionally very rich in its musical heritage. From the 	ancient times, music documented the lives of the people. Also, music was 	widely patronized by the rulers.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;//&lt;![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = &quot;show&quot;; var tocHideText = &quot;hide&quot;; showTocToggle(); } //]]&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;div class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: right; width: 7px; height: 19px; margin-left: 5px&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;	&lt;h2&gt;History&lt;/h2&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangla music in ancient times was mostly linked to prayer. Due to the 	immense influence of Hindu mythology, most folk songs are related to some 	sort of praise of the gods and their creation. Songs were associated with 	particular groups of people, such as fishermen, cart-drivers, hermits and so 	on. Most songs were based on classical themes.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Modernisation of Bangla music occurred at different times and most of 	these modernisation processes happened independently of western influence. 	Most notable of these changes were:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Popularity of folk music of		&lt;a title=&quot;Sufi&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi&quot;&gt;Sufi&lt;/a&gt; 		genres: introduction of non-Hindu notions and philosophy in music&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Works of		&lt;a title=&quot;Rabindranath Tagore&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore&quot;&gt;		Rabindranath Tagore&lt;/a&gt;: introduction of variations of classical music 		to music&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Works of		&lt;a title=&quot;Kazi Nazrul Islam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&quot;&gt;		Kazi Nazrul Islam&lt;/a&gt;: introduction of complicated musical composition 		and use of music as a revolutionary tool&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Modernisation of folk music: bringing folk music into mainstream&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Fusion work: fusion of traditional music with electronic instruments 		and Western work to revitalise and re-popularise Bangla music in a 		society increasingly overwhelmed by the West&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a title=&quot;Rabindranath Tagore&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore&quot;&gt;	Rabindranath Tagore&lt;/a&gt;, a	&lt;a title=&quot;Nobel&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel&quot;&gt;Nobel&lt;/a&gt;	&lt;a title=&quot;Laureate&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laureate&quot;&gt;Laureate&lt;/a&gt; 	poet, wrote thousands of songs that are cherished even today. A famous 	writer of Bengal whose music was very popular in Bangladesh is	&lt;a title=&quot;Kazi Nazrul Islam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&quot;&gt;	Kazi Nazrul Islam&lt;/a&gt;.	&lt;a title=&quot;Lalon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon&quot;&gt;Lalon Fokir&lt;/a&gt; 	is a popular Bangladeshi mystic poet, famous for his spiritual tunes. See	&lt;a title=&quot;Music of Bengal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Bengal&quot;&gt;	Music of Bengal&lt;/a&gt; for information on music that originated in greater	&lt;a title=&quot;Bengal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal&quot;&gt;Bengal&lt;/a&gt; 	prior to the creation of a separate nation-state of	&lt;a title=&quot;Bangladesh&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh&quot;&gt;	Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt; in 1971.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;	The music of	&lt;a title=&quot;Bangladesh&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh&quot;&gt;	Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt; can be broadly categorized among the following genres:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Classical_music&quot; id=&quot;Classical_music&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Classical musicc&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangla classical, like classical music in the rest of the Sub-continent, 	is based on modes, called &lt;i&gt;	&lt;a title=&quot;Raga&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raga&quot;&gt;ragas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; (rag, 	in Bangla). All traditional Bangla music was based on classical music or on 	its variation.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Some of the most talented classical musicians of the subcontinent come 	from Bangladesh including Ustad Allauddin Khan.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Rabindra_sangeet&quot; id=&quot;Rabindra_sangeet&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Rabindra sangeet&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a title=&quot;Rabindra Sangeet&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet&quot;&gt;	Rabindra sangeet&lt;/a&gt; is the best-known genre of Bangla music outside Bengal. 	The main origin of Rabindra sangeet is the works of Nobel laureate poet, 	novelist and play writer, Rabindranath Tagore. (Rabindra sangeet literally 	means &lt;i&gt;music of Rabindra&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Rabindra sangeet itself is broadly classified into few sub-genres:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;puja porjai (prayer songs)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;prem porjai (love songs) [some argue prem porjai is actually a part 		of puja porjai]&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;bichitra porjai&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;swadesh porjai (patriotic songs)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;(seasonal songs)&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;All categories are tied by a common theme of philosophy and love. Tagore 	also composed most of the songs himself. Hence, a common compositional 	similarity is visible. All songs are based on minor variations of 	Sub-continental musical modes or &lt;i&gt;ragas&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Rabindra sangeet forms an integral part of almost any Bengali cultural 	festival and is seen as one of the most important parts of Bengali cultural 	heritage. These songs have also been used in several movies, both in Bengali 	and non-Bengali cinema. The national anthems of both	&lt;a title=&quot;Bangladesh&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh&quot;&gt;	Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a title=&quot;India&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India&quot;&gt;India&lt;/a&gt; are 	Rabindra sangeets; these are &quot;&lt;a title=&quot;Amar Shonar Bangla&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amar_Shonar_Bangla&quot;&gt;Amar 	Shonar Bangla&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (&lt;i&gt;Oh My Precious Bengal&lt;/i&gt;, the melody is based on a 	folk tune by Gogon Harkara) and &quot;&lt;a title=&quot;Jana Gana Mana&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana&quot;&gt;Jana 	Gana Mana&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (&lt;i&gt;Ruler of the Minds of All People&lt;/i&gt;, written in an older 	form of Bangla, closer to Sanskrit, that can be readily re-interpreted in 	almost all Indian languages) respectively.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;In Bangladesh, until recently, Rabindra sangeet has practically been 	synonymous with two names:	&lt;a title=&quot;Rezwana Chowdhury Banya&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezwana_Chowdhury_Banya&quot;&gt;	Rezwana Chowdhury Banya&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Sadi Mohammad&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadi_Mohammad&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Sadi Mohammad&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Nazrul_geeti&quot; id=&quot;Nazrul_geeti&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Nazrul geeti&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Nazrul geeti&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazrul_geeti&quot;&gt;	Nazrul geeti&lt;/a&gt;, literally meaning &quot;music of Nazrul&quot;, are the works of	&lt;a title=&quot;Kazi Nazrul Islam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam&quot;&gt;	Kazi Nazrul Islam&lt;/a&gt;, national poet of Bangladesh and active revolutionary 	during Indian independence movement.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Unlike Rabindra sangeets mentioned above, Nazrul geetis incorporate 	revolutionary notions as well as more spiritual and philosophical themes. 	Islam used his music as a major way of disseminating his revolutionary 	notions, mainly by the use of strong words and powerful, but catchy, tunes. 	Among the revolutionary songs, &lt;i&gt;Karar Oi Louho Kopat&lt;/i&gt; (Prison-doors of 	Steel) is best known and has been used several movies - especially those 	made during the pre-independence period of	&lt;a title=&quot;Bangladesh&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh&quot;&gt;	Bangladesh&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Islam also incorporated influences from Western India. He played an 	active role in carrying out a fusion between Western Indian	&lt;a title=&quot;Ghazals&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazals&quot;&gt;ghazals&lt;/a&gt; 	and traditional Bengali classical music. (Ghazals are poems in	&lt;a title=&quot;Urdu&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu&quot;&gt;Urdu&lt;/a&gt; presented 	with a semi-classical tune, popular in Western India.) Nazrul geetis that do 	not incorporate themes of protest essentially form what is now called &lt;i&gt;	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Bangla ghazal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangla_ghazal&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Bangla ghazal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. The music involves variation on ragas (modes) along 	with complicated timing based almost entirely on vocal work and complex 	structure.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Due to Islam's revolutionary nature and lifestyle, Nazrul geeti was not 	mainstream for a very long time (and possibly still is not as commercially 	promoted as Rabindra sangeet). Bangladeshi singer and composer,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Firoza Begum&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firoza_Begum&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Firoza Begum&lt;/a&gt;, played a very big role in popularising Nazrul geeti in 	both Bangladesh and West Bengal.	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Sohorab Hossain&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sohorab_Hossain&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Sohorab Hossain&lt;/a&gt; also played a crucial role in making Nazrul geeti 	mainstream.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Folk_songs&quot; id=&quot;Folk_songs&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Folk songs&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangla folk music has a long history. Several people contributed to what 	has become one of the most important musical influences in lives of Bengalis 	on both sides of the (West Bengal-Bangladesh) border. Among these are	&lt;a title=&quot;Lalon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon&quot;&gt;Lalon Fokir&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Hason Raja&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hason_Raja&quot;&gt;Hason 	Raja&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Ramesh Shill&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramesh_Shill&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Ramesh Shill&lt;/a&gt;.	&lt;a title=&quot;Abbas Uddin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Uddin&quot;&gt;Abbas 	Uddin&lt;/a&gt; was a key player in popularising folk music later on.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Folk music can clearly be distinguished and classified into several 	sub-genres:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Baul&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baul&quot;&gt;Baul&lt;/a&gt;: 		mainly inspired by Lalon Fokir and his Sufi way of living and almost 		exclusively performed by hermits who have adopted such (Sufi) life style&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Bhandari&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhandari&quot;&gt;		Bhandari&lt;/a&gt;: devotional music from the South (mainly Chittagong)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Bhatiali&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatiali&quot;&gt;		Bhatiali&lt;/a&gt;: music of fishermen and boatman, almost always tied by a 		common &lt;i&gt;raga&lt;/i&gt; (mode), sung solo&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Bhawaiya&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhawaiya&quot;&gt;		Bhawaiya&lt;/a&gt;: song of bullock-cart drivers of the North (Rangpur)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Gajir geet&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gajir_geet&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Gajir geet&lt;/a&gt;: tradition song from the North (Rangpur)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Gombhira&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombhira&quot;&gt;		Gombhira&lt;/a&gt;: song (originating in Chapai Nawabganj, in the North) 		performed with a particular distinctive rhythm and dance with two 		performers, always personifying a man and his grand father, discussing a 		topic to raise social awareness&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Hason Raja&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hason_Raja&quot;&gt;		Hason Raja&lt;/a&gt;: devotional songs written by music composer Hason Raja 		(from Sylhet near Assam) that was recently repopularised as popular 		dance music&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Jaari&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaari&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Jaari&lt;/a&gt;: song that involves musical battle between two groups&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Jatra&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatra&quot;&gt;Jatra&lt;/a&gt; 		Pala: songs associated exclusively with plays (performed on-stage) that 		usually always involve historical themes presented in a very colourful 		way&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Kirtan&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtan&quot;&gt;Kirtan&lt;/a&gt;: 		devotional song depicting love of Hindu god Krishno and his (best-known) 		wife, Radha&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Pala&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala&quot;&gt;Pala&lt;/a&gt;: 		songs from the haor (lake) area in Sylhet, Kishoregonj, and Netrokona 		usually performed on stage live by folk singers&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kobi gaan&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kobi_gaan&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kobi gaan&lt;/a&gt;: poems sung with simple music usually presented on stage 		as a musical battle between poets&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Lalon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon&quot;&gt;Lalon&lt;/a&gt;: 		best known of all folk songs and the most import sub-genre of Baul 		songs, almost entirely attribute to spiritual writer and composer, Lalon 		Fokir of Kustia (Western Bangladesh, near the border with West Bengal)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Mursiya&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mursiya&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Mursiya&lt;/a&gt;: Islamic songs of devotion of the Shi'ah groups based mainly 		on Western influences&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Shaari&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaari&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Shaari&lt;/a&gt;: song of boatmen sung in group to match the beat of the oar 		movement&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Upojatiyo&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Upojatiyo&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Upojatiyo&lt;/a&gt;: songs of the minor ethnic groups - worth noting, this is 		not really a classification since songs of these ethnic groups (of which 		there are at least 13 different groups) vary widely and have very 		distinct and intriguing characteristics&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Letto&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letto&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Letto&lt;/a&gt;'s song: songs from Mymensingh (North of Dhaka) that also 		allegedly influenced Nazrul geeti&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Wedding songs: sung all over Bangladesh but always tied by similar 		tunes and by, obviously, a common theme, marriage&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Of these several groups, Baul song is best known and was further enriched 	by works of Lalon.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;All folk songs are characterised by simple musical structure and words. 	Before advent of radio, stage performances of folk singers used to be 	possibly the only entertainment for the vast rural population of Bengal. 	After arrival of new communication and digital media, many of the folk songs 	were modernised and incorporated into &lt;i&gt;modern songs&lt;/i&gt; (Adhunik songeet).&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Baul_geeti&quot; id=&quot;Baul_geeti&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h4&gt;Baul geeti&lt;/h4&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Baul geeti&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baul_geeti&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Baul geeti&lt;/a&gt; has been such a huge influence in Bangladeshi music that it 	deserves being called a genre on its own. However, although Baul geeti can 	be characterised by particular nature of music and presentation, in general, 	the genre is actually also defined by a definite cult. In order to 	understand Baul geeti, it is necessary to understand its creators.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Baul geeti&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baul_geeti&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Baul geeti&lt;/a&gt; is almost exclusively performed by	&lt;a title=&quot;Baul&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baul&quot;&gt;Bauls&lt;/a&gt; (hermits) 	who are followers of	&lt;a title=&quot;Sufism&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism&quot;&gt;Sufism&lt;/a&gt; in 	Bangladesh. (Note that traditionally &lt;i&gt;bauls&lt;/i&gt; were Hindus; Sufism was 	started following the lifestyle of Lalon Shah.) In Bangladesh, in the early 	days of Bauls who claimed to be Muslims, with greater focus on love of the 	society and harmony with nature, baul geeti had to go through a major 	struggle of survival as did the Bauls themselves. Bauls were subjected to 	harsh teasing and isolation. However, with time, Islamists were forced by 	the general population to accept the Bauls and their spiritual music as part 	of the society.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Current day Bauls in Bangladesh are Sufis and have given up claims to be 	Muslims. Most live simple lives on an absolute minimum, earned mainly from 	performing their music. Baul songs always incorporate simple words 	expressing songs with deeper meanings involving Creation, society, lifestyle 	and human emotions. The songs are performed with very little musical support 	to the main carrier, the vocal. Bauls, bohemian by nature and belief, leave 	on grand expeditions, writing and performing music on their entire trip to 	earn living and disseminate notion of love and spirituality.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Ektara&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ektara&quot;&gt;Ektara&lt;/a&gt; 	(literally, the one-string),	&lt;a title=&quot;Dotara&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotara&quot;&gt;Dotara&lt;/a&gt; 	(literally, the two-strings), ba(n)shi (flute made from bamboo shoot)) and 	cymbals are used in the presentation of Baul geeti. Although, in recent 	days, Baul geeti has lost popularity mainly due to disruption of the 	lifestyle of the &lt;i&gt;bauls&lt;/i&gt; by urbanisation and westernisation, the songs 	have permanently altered Bangla music, especially in the form of Lalon geeti.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Baul songs were hugely promoted by	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Fokir Alamgeer&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fokir_Alamgeer&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Fokir Alamgeer&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Feroz Shahi&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feroz_Shahi&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Feroz Shahi&lt;/a&gt; in Bangladesh.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Lalon_geeti&quot; id=&quot;Lalon_geeti&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h4&gt;Lalon geeti&lt;/h4&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Lalon geeti is the work of composer and philosopher,	&lt;a title=&quot;Lalon&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon&quot;&gt;Lalon&lt;/a&gt; Shah 	(also known as Lalon Fokir). Most of his songs are extensions of Baul geeti. 	However, his songs are always more philosophical in nature, involving 	greater thought about abstract themes.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Lalon geeti originated in	&lt;a title=&quot;Kushtia&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushtia&quot;&gt;Kushtia&lt;/a&gt; 	and has been popularised throughout the two Bengals (West Bengal and 	Bangladesh) by various artists. Among the proponents of Lalon geeti,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Farida Parveen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farida_Parveen&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Farida Parveen&lt;/a&gt; is particularly worth mentioning for her extensive work 	in modernising tunes.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Adhunik_gaan&quot; id=&quot;Adhunik_gaan&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Adhunik gaan&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Adhunik songeet literally means &quot;modern songs&quot;. Although, to outsiders, 	this may seem an extremely ambiguous way of nomenclature, it has particular 	motivations.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangla music traditionally has been classified mainly by the region of 	origin and the creators of the musical genre, such as Nazrul geeti (written 	and composed by Kazi Nazrul Islam), ghombhira (unique to a specific area in 	Bangladesh), etc. However, this prevented the ability to classify any music 	that failed to fit into any of the classes.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;In the period just before Indian independence (Bengal, under British 	rule, was a part of one massive India that does not exactly correspond to 	the India of current day), several new minor musical groups emerged, mainly 	as playback songs for movies. These songs failed to fit into any particular 	genre, but seemed to be tied together by common theme of &quot;music for the 	masses&quot;. Most of the music tended to be aimed at the mainstream audience - 	popular catchy tunes with simple words that were far moved from the 	classical ragas (modes). Hence, a miscellaneous category, Adhunik songeet, 	was created, since, at that time, this music was &quot;modern&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Although over time these so-called &quot;modern&quot; songs have become fairly old, 	they continue to be called by the same name. Interestingly, this group of 	song has grown faster than any other, since it is a miscellaneous category 	that can accommodate anything that fails to fit elsewhere. The common theme 	continues to exist. So, although the nomenclature itself might not be as 	insightful, the genre itself is still well-defined.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Among the main contributors to Adhunik songeet were several singers from 	both West Bengal and Bangladesh. The list can never be completed, but some 	of the more prolific (and better known) ones from Bangladesh are:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Female&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Runa Laila (also immensely popular		&lt;a title=&quot;Ghazal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazal&quot;&gt;Ghazal&lt;/a&gt; 		singer in the Sub-continent)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Shakila Jafar&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Shahnaz Rahmatulla&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Sabina Yasmin (possibly most prolific in terms of number of songs)&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Male&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Tapan Chowdhury&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Abdul Jabbar&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Andrew Kishor&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Shubir Nondi&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;For a very long time, Adhunik songeet played the same role that pop 	currently plays in the Western World. It was the easy-to-follow and simple 	song that was fit for people of all age and occupation. It continues to be 	the most important music among middle-class, white collar Bangladeshi 	families to this day.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a name=&quot;Modern_music_and_western_influence&quot; id=&quot;Modern_music_and_western_influence&quot;&gt;	&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Modern music and western influence&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;p&gt;In the post-independence period, Adhunik songeet continued to attract 	large proportiones of music enthusiasts. However, with time, newer 	generations demanded more upbeat music. Starting late 80's, music involving 	political theme have started to gain popularity once again, in a similar 	fashion to growht of Nazrul geeti had gained popularity during the 	revolution against the British Monarch and the War of Independence of 	Bangladesh.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Pop_music&quot; id=&quot;Pop_music&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h4&gt;Pop music&lt;/h4&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Pop music initially started with the so-called	&lt;a title=&quot;Band (music)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_(music%2529&quot;&gt;	band music&lt;/a&gt;. And as the name suggests, the music was heavily influenced 	by Western Music. Some of the best known bands of the pop era were:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Love Runs Blind&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Runs_Blind&quot;&gt;		L.R.B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Nagor Baul&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Miles&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;The early contributors to pop music also included the following singers:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Azam Khan&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Baby Naznin&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Happy Akhand&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;Lucky Akhand&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting that pop music of Bangladesh had an assorted history. 	Artists of the &quot;Adhunik Gaan&quot; and folk (especially new wave) genre also 	contributed to the pop music from time to time. This further popularized pop 	music with the masses.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Rock_music&quot; id=&quot;Rock_music&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h4&gt;Rock music&lt;/h4&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangla rock was started by	&lt;a title=&quot;Azam Khan&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azam_Khan&quot;&gt;Azam Khan&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Miles (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miles_%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Miles&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a title=&quot;Love Runs Blind&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Runs_Blind&quot;&gt;	LRB&lt;/a&gt;.	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Hassan (singer)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_%28singer%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Hassan&lt;/a&gt; (associated with	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Ark (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ark_%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Ark&lt;/a&gt;) and	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;James (singer)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_%28singer%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	James&lt;/a&gt; (associated with	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Feelings (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feelings_%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Feelings&lt;/a&gt; and, later,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Nagar Baul&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagar_Baul&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Nagar Baul&lt;/a&gt;) contributed in popularizing rock music. However, hard-rock 	did not begin until arrival of bands like	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Rockstrata&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rockstrata&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Rockstrata&lt;/a&gt;, and later	&lt;a title=&quot;Warfaze&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfaze&quot;&gt;Warfaze&lt;/a&gt; 	among many others in the early 90s.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Bangladeshi rock scene has evolved into two distinct categories.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Mainstream&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream#In_music&quot;&gt;		Mainstream&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Underground music&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_music&quot;&gt;		Underground&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Mainstream_Rock&quot; id=&quot;Mainstream_Rock&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h5&gt;Mainstream Rock&lt;/h5&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Current day rock and metal bands have progressed a long way from the 	initiators of the genre in Bangladesh. Deeply influenced by the progressive 	rock music of the West, and with the latest technology and equipments at 	their disposal, many of the new rock musicians are trying to develop their 	own identity and style instead of following western bands. Some of the best 	known new bands are:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Aurthohin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurthohin&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Aurthohin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Bangla(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangla%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Bangla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Black(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black(band%2529&quot;&gt;		Black&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Chime(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chime%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Chime&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Feedback(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feedback%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Feedback&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Feelings(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feelings%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Feelings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;In Dhaka&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_Dhaka&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		In Dhaka&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Love Runs Blind&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Runs_Blind&quot;&gt;		LRB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Rockstrata&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rockstrata&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Rockstrata&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Souls (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls_(band%2529&quot;&gt;		Souls&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Warfaze&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfaze&quot;&gt;		Warfaze&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Underground_Rock&quot; id=&quot;Underground_Rock&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h5&gt;Underground Rock&lt;/h5&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Mainstream bands have already released solo albums while underground 	bands are trying to promote themselves by performing their own numbers or 	cover numbers in concerts. Many popular bands like	&lt;a title=&quot;Artcell&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artcell&quot;&gt;Artcell&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Black(band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black(band%2529&quot;&gt;	Black&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Cryptic Fate&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptic_Fate&quot;&gt;	Cryptic Fate&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;The Watson Brothers&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Watson_Brothers&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	The Watson Brothers&lt;/a&gt; have come from the underground circle and are still 	considered underground by most people as they still mostly play underground 	shows and are not widely popular throughout the country. The more successful 	bands eventually sign for a record label. G-series is becoming more and more 	popular for providing platforms to such underground bands. Genres such as	&lt;a title=&quot;Alternative rock&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock&quot;&gt;	alternative rock&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Heavy metal music&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music&quot;&gt;	heavy metal&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Thrash metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrash_metal&quot;&gt;	thrash metal&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Death metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal&quot;&gt;death 	metal&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a title=&quot;Black metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal&quot;&gt;black 	metal&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a title=&quot;Gothic metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_metal&quot;&gt;	gothic metal&lt;/a&gt; are increasingly popular among these bands.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Some of the popular underground bands are:&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Rock music&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music&quot;&gt;		Rock&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a title=&quot;Hard Rock&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock&quot;&gt;Hard 		Rock&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a title=&quot;Alternative rock&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock&quot;&gt;Alternative&lt;/a&gt;		&lt;ul&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Cryptic Fate**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Artcell**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;The Watson Brothers**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Arbovirus**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;DNA&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;ZEAL&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Fake Plastic Superheroes&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Breach**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Nemesis**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Decipher&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Baahzsnought&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;/ul&gt;		&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Thrash metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrash_metal&quot;&gt;		Thrash metal&lt;/a&gt;		&lt;ul&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Poizon Green**&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;X-Uranium&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;/ul&gt;		&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Death metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal&quot;&gt;		Death metal&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a title=&quot;Black metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metal&quot;&gt;Black 		metal&lt;/a&gt;		&lt;ul&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Barzakh&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Dripping Gore&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Forbidden Truth&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Severe Dementia (formerly known as 666)&lt;/li&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Voodoo Economix&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;/ul&gt;		&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Gothic metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_metal&quot;&gt;		Gothic metal&lt;/a&gt;		&lt;ul&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Druids&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;/ul&gt;		&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Progressive metal&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_metal&quot;&gt;		Progressive metal&lt;/a&gt;		&lt;ul&gt;			&lt;li&gt;Eclipse&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;/ul&gt;		&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;N.B.: The Bands marked with ** have released one or more albums. But even 	then they are considered underground as they play mostly underground shows 	and are not widely known.&lt;sup title=&quot;The text in the vicinity of this tag needs citation.&quot; class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;[&lt;a title=&quot;Wikipedia:Citing sources&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;citation needed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a name=&quot;New_wave_of_Bangladeshi_folk_music&quot; id=&quot;New_wave_of_Bangladeshi_folk_music&quot;&gt;	&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h4&gt;New wave of Bangladeshi folk music&lt;/h4&gt;	&lt;p&gt;	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Fakir Alamgir&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fakir_Alamgir&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Fakir Alamgir&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Firoz Shai&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firoz_Shai&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Firoz Shai&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Momtaz,(Singer)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Momtaz%2C%28Singer%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Momtaz&lt;/a&gt;,	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kangalini Sufiya&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kangalini_Sufiya&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Kangalini Sufiya&lt;/a&gt; and	&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kuddus Boyati&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuddus_Boyati&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;	Kuddus Boyati&lt;/a&gt; set notions of revitalising Bangladeshi folk music. Their 	immense popularity showed that despite Western influence, Bangladeshis still 	thoroughly enjoyed their own music.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;While Bangla rock music was approaching the peak of its success, several 	musicians and music enthusiastts felt the need to revitalise traditional 	music. Inspired by the previous work done by those mentioned above, several 	new bands and singers emerged with the notion of creating true &lt;i&gt;	Bangladeshi&lt;/i&gt; pop music, inspired by traditional compositional structure.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;Also worth mentioning is the project of non-resident Bangladeshi sound 	engineer,	&lt;a title=&quot;Habib Wahid&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Wahid&quot;&gt;Habib&lt;/a&gt;, 	who has been actively working on modernising	&lt;a title=&quot;Hason Raja&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hason_Raja&quot;&gt;Hason 	Raja&lt;/a&gt;'s songs as dance and party music.&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Singers&quot; id=&quot;Singers&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h2&gt;Singers&lt;/h2&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Adhunik&quot; id=&quot;Adhunik&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Adhunik&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Abeda Sultana&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abeda_Sultana&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Abeda Sultana&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Abdul Jabbar&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Jabbar&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Abdul Jabbar&lt;/a&gt;: playback singer for movies in 60's and 70's&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Andrew Kishor&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Kishor&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Andrew Kishor&lt;/a&gt;: playback singer for movies for three decades&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Fatema-tuz-zohura&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fatema-tuz-zohura&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Fatema-tuz-zohura&lt;/a&gt;: respected singer for three decades&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Zinga Goshty&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinga_Goshty&quot;&gt;		Zinga Goshty&lt;/a&gt; - one of the earliest bands (70s) in Dhaka (which 		originated from		&lt;a title=&quot;Chittagong&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong&quot;&gt;		Chittagong&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kaderi Kibria&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaderi_Kibria&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kaderi Kibria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Rebecca Sultana&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_Sultana&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Rebecca Sultana&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Runa Laila&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa_Laila&quot;&gt;		Runa Laila&lt;/a&gt;: Ghazal singer and playback singer in 80's&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Sabina Yasmin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabina_Yasmin&quot;&gt;		Sabina Yasmin&lt;/a&gt;: playback singer for four decades&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Tapan chouwdhuri&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapan_chouwdhuri&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Tapan chouwdhuri&lt;/a&gt;: went solo after beginning career in Souls.&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Classical&quot; id=&quot;Classical&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Classical&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Begum Akhtar&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Akhtar&quot;&gt;		Begum Akhtar&lt;/a&gt;: (deceased)&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Nazrul_geeti_2&quot; id=&quot;Nazrul_geeti_2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Nazrul geeti&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Angur Bala&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angur_Bala&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Angur Bala&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Arjumand Banu&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arjumand_Banu&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Arjumand Banu&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Dalia Nausheen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalia_Nausheen&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Dalia Nausheen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Firoza Begum&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firoza_Begum&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Firoza Begum&lt;/a&gt;: popular in the 1960s, carried out lot of experimental 		composition work in an attempt to popularise Nazrul geeti&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Khairul Anam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khairul_Anam&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Khairul Anam&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Khaled Hossain&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khaled_Hossain&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Khaled Hossain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Shamsi Faruque Shimki&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamsi_Faruque_Shimki&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Shamsi Faruque Shimki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Laila Arjumand Banu&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laila_Arjumand_Banu&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Laila Arjumand Banu&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Sadya Afreen Mallick&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadya_Afreen_Mallick&quot;&gt;		Sadya Afreen Mallick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Shabnam Mushtari&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shabnam_Mushtari&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Shabnam Mushtari&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Shaheen Samad&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaheen_Samad&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Shaheen Samad&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Sohorab Hossain&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sohorab_Hossain&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Sohorab Hossain&lt;/a&gt;: played key-role in popularising Nazrul geeti&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Nilufer Yasmin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilufer_Yasmin&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Nilufer Yasmin&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Folk&quot; id=&quot;Folk&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Folk&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Abbasuddin&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abbasuddin&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Abbasuddin&lt;/a&gt;: revolutionary work with folk music and its 		revitalisation&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Abdul Alim&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Alim&quot;&gt;		Abdul Alim&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Abdul Karim&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Karim&quot;&gt;		Abdul Karim&lt;/a&gt;: from Sylhet&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Abdur Rahman Bayati&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdur_Rahman_Bayati&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Abdur Rahman Bayati&lt;/a&gt;: from Jessore&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Binoy Bansi Das&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Binoy_Bansi_Das&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Binoy Bansi Das&lt;/a&gt;: rhythm-specialist from Chittagong&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Bijoy Sarker&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bijoy_Sarker&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Bijoy Sarker&lt;/a&gt;: from Jessore, deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Farida Parveen&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farida_Parveen&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Farida Parveen&lt;/a&gt;: unrivalled in Lalon Geeti, known for three decades, 		carried out huge projects on modernising and popularising Lalon geeti&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Ferdousi Rahman&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdousi_Rahman&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Ferdousi Rahman&lt;/a&gt;: immensely popular for three decades, heir to rich 		tradition established by her father, Abbasuddin,&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Horolal Rai&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horolal_Rai&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Horolal Rai&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kanai Lal Shil&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanai_Lal_Shil&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kanai Lal Shil&lt;/a&gt;: dotara player, deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kangalini Sufia&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kangalini_Sufia&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kangalini Sufia&lt;/a&gt;: singer from Chittagong&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Khoda Box Shai&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khoda_Box_Shai&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Khoda Box Shai&lt;/a&gt;: from Kustia&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kutubul Alam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutubul_Alam&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kutubul Alam&lt;/a&gt;: gombhira singer from Rajshahi&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Neena Hamid&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neena_Hamid&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Neena Hamid&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Saydur Rahman Bayati&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saydur_Rahman_Bayati&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Saydur Rahman Bayati&lt;/a&gt;: from Manikganj&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Rothindranath Rai&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rothindranath_Rai&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Rothindranath Rai&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Rowshan Bayati&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowshan_Bayati&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Rowshan Bayati&lt;/a&gt;: from Jessore&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Pop.2FRock&quot; id=&quot;Pop.2FRock&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Pop/Rock&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Azam Khan (singer)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azam_Khan_(singer%2529&quot;&gt;		Azam Khan&lt;/a&gt;: popularly hailed as pop guru of Bangladesh&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;In Dhaka&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In_Dhaka&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		In Dhaka&lt;/a&gt;: rock band&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Happy Akhand&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Happy_Akhand&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Happy Akhand&lt;/a&gt;: survived by his brother		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Lucky Akhand&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucky_Akhand&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Lucky Akhand&lt;/a&gt;, after his untimely death in 80s.&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Jewel (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewel_%28band%29&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Jewel&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Lucky Akhand&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucky_Akhand&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Lucky Akhand&lt;/a&gt;: legendary pop singer who carried on the work of 		brother Happy Akhand&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Souls (band)&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls_(band%2529&quot;&gt;		Souls&lt;/a&gt;: emerged in late 70s in Chittagong, gained popularity over 		more than a decade, served to launch Ayub Bacchu (vocalist of L.R.B) and 		Tapan Chowdhuri, been less visible in the 90s&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Tapan Choudhuri&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tapan_Choudhuri&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Tapan Choudhuri&lt;/a&gt;: went solo after beginning career in Souls&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;Warfaze&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfaze&quot;&gt;		Warfaze&lt;/a&gt;: emerged in mid-eighties as hard-rock band and initiated 		rock era of Bangladesh&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Rabindra_sangeet_2&quot; id=&quot;Rabindra_sangeet_2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;	&lt;h3&gt;Rabindra sangeet&lt;/h3&gt;	&lt;ul&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Atiqul Islam&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atiqul_Islam&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Atiqul Islam&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Fahmeeda Khatun&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahmeeda_Khatun&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Fahmeeda Khatun&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Iffat Ara Diwan&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iffat_Ara_Diwan&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Iffat Ara Diwan&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Kalim Sharafi&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalim_Sharafi&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Kalim Sharafi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Milia Ali&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milia_Ali&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Milia Ali&lt;/a&gt;: contemprary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Mita Huque&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mita_Huque&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Mita Huque&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Papia Sarwar&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papia_Sarwar&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Papia Sarwar&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a title=&quot;Rezwana Chowdhury Banya&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezwana_Chowdhury_Banya&quot;&gt;		Rezwana Chowdhury Banya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Sadi Mohammad Takiullah&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sadi_Mohammad_Takiullah&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Sadi Mohammad Takiullah&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Shaheen Samad&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaheen_Samad&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Shaheen Samad&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Sanjeeda Khatun&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjeeda_Khatun&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Sanjeeda Khatun&lt;/a&gt;: contemporary, better known as a specialist in 		Rabindra sangeet and as the founder of Dhaka's popular music school, 		Chhayanot&lt;/li&gt;		&lt;li&gt;		&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Zahidur Rahim&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zahidur_Rahim&amp;action=edit&quot;&gt;		Zahidur Rahim&lt;/a&gt;: deceased&lt;/li&gt;	&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</body>}-->
      <contributor>Wikipedia</contributor>
   </item>
</category>

</musicmoz>
